Recognition of foreign qualifications is a labour-market problem, not a paperwork problem

Skilled third-country nationals are working below their qualification level across Europe. Most of the delay sits in process design, not in the qualifications themselves.

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Read the vacancy data and the survey together, and the gap between the two becomes the most useful number in workforce planning.

Data and reference codes appear in ESCO / EQF throughout, because the vernacular of this work is codes and standards. Where a claim rests on a figure, that figure is shown in the mono face so the reader can find it quickly.

The full analysis will set out the method, the evidence and the practical recommendation for the audience concerned — an employer, a public institution, an education provider or an individual navigating a transition.